Judo is a martial art that originated from Japan. This art does not use weapons.it is philosophy. This sport is included in the program Olympic and Paralympic Games.
All-round development two shiftsThey are different from each other.if physical education Judo is based on competition, so Tradition It is based on other main principles: mutual assistance and understanding.
Art is the study of how to make the most of the body and mind. This affects differences in the rules of the game and allowed techniques. little physical exertion This is what differentiates Judo from other martial arts. Here, the technicality of the movement is more important, so the kill and hold of the partner is used.Invest most of the time Philosophy and Self-Defense. It is this struggle that teaches self-discipline.
Judo in Brief: What is it?
It is unclear when the newest martial art known as judo will appear.
There is a view that judo began on the day of the founding of the country, the so-called Gakudo Academy – Kodokanoutdated 1882.
Especially traumatic judo techniques are studied in the form of kata, the foundation of judo is throw. Self-defense and philosophy in traditional judo are the foundation.
Because if you don’t get along with yourself, then you can’t beat your opponent. After all, that is the purpose and essence of judo.
The physical aspect of judo is various techniques, resuscitation techniques.
Three principles Dominate in this martial art:
- highest efficiency Use body and mind with minimal energy expenditure.
- succumb to victory (In judo, the physical aspect is far from primary, you need to know tactics and techniques).
- mutual help and understanding Goals.
second The direction of judo is sports, the main essence of which is compete. They appear in the Olympics programming, and Years with 1965 The World Judo Championships are held.
Many martial arts developed from the foundations of judo.
new wrestling rules
The rules and techniques allowed in this sport are quite different. in both directions.
Can participate in judo duels only 2 athletes i Both sides are trying to win Use various methods.
For example, in judo, pressing or suffocation is used, and there is also a painful hold.
Important information! There is a duel platform called tatamithis is a rug on which the game is held.
A judo mat looks like a set of mats, the material of which is composed of polymers.These dueling mats are only two size: 1001004 cm and 2001004 cm.
In addition, the colors of the judo battlefield are different, that is, divided into divided into two areasDifferent colors.
The playing field has dimensions From 88 meters to 1010 metersthe safe area itself is the width 3 meters
equipment
The training uniform used in the competition is called Judo dog.
Judo uniforms are available in white and blue to facilitate the referee’s work. over 100 years The shape hasn’t changed much. To allow the upper part of the jacket to withstand heavy loads, they are made of a denser material.belt at waist several times.
Photo 1. White judo kimono, cotton, size 11-12 (140 cm), made by Lonsdale.
There must be a flat knot in the front.Both ends of the belt are suspended, and the length should be 20-25 cm. To determine the level of judo, it is enough to pay attention to the color of his belt.
According to the rules, judo shirts must be large and wrapped 20 cm or more from left to right. This is a tradition the Japanese use to live.
The sleeves of the jacket should reach the wrists.For competitions, a wide coat is required so that there is space between the sleeves and the coat About 7-10 cm.
Help! For not following the rules, the judge may ask change clothes or at all prevent to the game.
The pants are also long enough to cover the entire leg and wide enough to allow for free space. about ten to fifteen centimeters wide in the pants and groin.
About the battle
Judo match duration 5 minutes for adults athlete.
Combat Phase:
- The battle begins on the ground Liwaza, i.e. standing. Often nage waza is used at this stage.
- If one of the players knocks the other down on the tatami, the fight proceeds to another stage called “New Wazza”that is, fighting on the ground.
You will also be interested in the following:
How is the battle judged?
There is also a fight Yes Evaluate.In this case it starts Gondelskoit means fighting before the first warning or before the first point one of the athletes.
In Judo you can do:
- thrown on the shelf and deducted;
- pain (on the elbow joint only) and Suffocating trick.
Prohibited to execute:
- so-called strike Atemi;
- Painful and suffocating technology in the rack.
When entering the duel (tatami) area, judo bow down, they also bow to the referee and each other before and after the game. Shaking hands before a fight is prohibited.
Points: when full points or clear wins
There are a few key points in Judo: “Yuko” What does “efficient” mean? “Vazari” – “Half the device” and ippon – a littlea clear victory.
The ippon score is the highest score in judo and is only awarded when:
- Judo must fast and powerful throw the opponent on the back;
- Judo Hold 20 seconds or more;
- if the judoka opponent uttered the word during the execution of a painful or suffocating hold “Mata”it means surrender or clap his hands or feet several times;
- If pain or choking results Judge is clear (i.e. the judoka applying the technique loses consciousness).
The entire team of judges monitors and evaluates judo duels:
- arbitrator – Head of Jury Trio. It was he who was assigned the role of leading the duel. He also reserves the right to comment on the actions of the judoka, calling for a cessation of the fight and a penalty. The decision of the arbitrator is the most important.
- linesman They followed the fight from the opposite corner of the tatami, outside the fighting area. It is their duty to oversee the game and correct the referee if it is negligent.
Violations and Penalties
Referees can designate athletes for violating judo rules Punishment (sido).
Sido is a minor punishment for participants who commit violations:
- According to the rules, participants must not knowingly Avoid being caught by competitors Create obstacles to his actions.
- Maintain a defensive stance when standing and fighting more than 5 seconds.
- impersonation And does not show any effort to try to throw an opponent (used in a way called a fake or fake attack).
- Hold the competitor’s cuff for an extended period of time in order to escape (lasts or exceeds 5 seconds).
- Attempt to grab the contestant’s fingers and block his movements so that he can stand (more than 5 seconds).
- Carrying without a judge’s permission into the chaos of its own formbandage or unbutton your belt or pants.
- transfer opponent Struggling in a horizontal positionthe rules do not allow.
- poke your finger on purpose Inside sleeves or bottom of pants competitor.
- While able to stand, hold a grip other than the standard non-aggressive (more than 5 seconds).
Before or after the shoot, actually don’t no attack actionwhile being able to stand.
- Roll up the ends of the sleeves opponent.
- Deliberately wraps an element of the opponent’s torso the end of the belt.
- lean on the face feet or hands.
- Lean towards the opponent’s goal feet or legs.
- Use a choke the end of your own belt or jacket flooror only with fingers.
- go out on purpose out of working distance Either throw the opponent out, stand, or be defenseless, i.e. lying down.
- grab by foot body, head or neck Opponent, cross your legs beside him and straighten your knees.
- Freed from the shackles of the opponent, kicked downor knee The opponent’s hand or arm, or without any technical manipulation, hits the opponent’s leg or ankle.
- break free break one or more fingers competitor.
warn! S Mr. 1.01.2010 New competition rules come into force. International Judo Federation.
Weight categories for men and women
Weight division in judo is done by category.The gap between the judo categories is 6-9 kg. Have 7 categories.
Men’s Judo Category:
| category | One piece (box) weight |
| 1 | 60kg before |
| 2 | 60-66kg |
| 3 | 66 – 73 kg |
| 4 | 73 – 81 kg |
| 5 | 81 – 90 kg |
| 6 | 90 – 100 kg |
| 7 | that’s all 100kg |
Women’s Judo Category:
| category | weight |
| 1 | 48kg before |
| 2 | 48 – 52 kg |
| 3 | 52 – 57 kg |
| 4 | 57 – 63 kg |
| 5 | 63 – 70 kg |
| 6 | 70 – 78 kg |
| 7 | that’s all 78kg |
In addition to weight categories, judo has some age categories:
- junior year – boys and girls Twelve at most.
- average – young men and women to the age of fourteen.
- trainees – young people and women until the age of seventeen.
- teenagers and teenagers – Twenty at most.
- Youth – up to twenty-three years.
- represent powerful gender and representation weak floor.
- Veteran – Thirty years and older.
discharged from hospital
Judo is also classified.This 1、2、3类，MSMK、MS、KMS According to Judo, wrestlers are competitors for sports professionals (Master of Sports candidates).
How to get a CCM or Master of Exercise level
In order to get to the ranks of MS or CMS, a certain number of wins in the competition are required.
Only awarded to sports titles such as MSMK Only from 18 years old. Candidates to Master the Movement . since 15 yearsCCM is assigned From the age of 14.
Judo ranking from first to third can get From the age of eleven.
useful video
Watch the video about the rules, prohibitions and allowed techniques for dueling in judo.
important philosophical background
Judo is not just an ancient martial art.it’s upbringing Tenacity and Discipline. This activity requires the athlete to demonstrate willpower not only in the competition, but also in the training itself.The whole philosophy of judo is learning Patience, Will, Knowing Yourself and Your Opponents. It goes without saying here that strong willed effort is required only in the moment of battle.
Judo philosophy unwavering willpower, This is necessary for compliance with regulations, continuous training and courses. The art of judo aims to show that success is constantly working with yourself.
Not everyone can reach the heights of Judo.only those who want Accept and understand this philosophy.
